EFFECTS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE AND ACUPUNCTURE
ON SELF INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR(SIB)

Cedric K.T. CHEUNG, H.P. LIN, F.J. BARRERA, E. SCOTT, A. MURRAY, K. BRADY, B. GOLDBERG
1.Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Canada. 154 Wellington Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
2.Institute of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture.
3.Applied Behavior Analysis Program, Southwestern Regional Center.
4.Development Disabilities Program, University of Western Ontario.

Aim: To study the effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and acupuncture on endorphin levels in the treatment of Self Injurious Behavior(SIB).
Methods: The TCM diagnosis for two cases of SIB were kidney Yin deficiency and hyperactivity of the heart Yang; spleen deficiency, blockage of the orifices with phlegm, and harmfulness to the fluid. The TCM therapeutic method for the former was to tonify the kidney Yin and depress the heart Yang. The latter was to rehabilitate the spleen and dissolve the phlegm. Both cases were treated with a combination of acupuncture, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and Chinese diet precautions.
Results: One case of SIB appeared to worsen during the course of the treatment, while the other case demonstrated a significant improvement. The absence of improvement in the first case, including the biochemical changes, could be the result of antibiotics administered for recurrent external auditory canal infections during the course of TCM and acupuncture treatment. The other case demonstrated a significant improvement for both behavioral and biochemical changes.
Conclusion: A positive correlation between endorphins and SIB could not be established. Further studies are necessary to improve the understanding of SIB, with respect to TCM and acupuncture treatment.

Clinical Research & Application
Pain Management & Osteotraumology

A CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF 418 CASES OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL
DISK HERNIA TREATED WITH HOT NEEDLES

Zun Hui GUAN
Institute of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture. 154 Wellington Street, London, Ontario, Canada.

Aim: To present the clinical observation of 418 cases of lumbar intervertebral disk hernia treated with hot needles.
Methods: Patients were needled according to the Fu Xi Eight Diagrams Nine Models direction picture. Manipulation of the needles was based on the Nine Models and according to Lou Sun Nine Model Number. Patients were instructed to lie face down or on their side in order to facilitate the rising of the spinal process. This in turn widens the gap between vertebrae and enables the insertion of the needle into the desired points. Patients were treated once every other day or everyday, for a total of 15 treatments.
Results: After 15 treatments, of the 418 patients, 272 cases were cured(65.07%) and 138 cases experienced improvement. The total curative effect was 98.08%. A follow-up investigation was conducted on 160 cases of random sampling. They were treated six months to three years prior to the follow-up study. 52 cases experienced a relapse in the condition, but the symptoms remained alleviated, 103 conditions were consolidated, and 5 cases experienced ineffective treatment or the condition worsened. Statistical results are x=1.476, p.0.05.
Conclusion: The curative effect and the clinical observation of lumbar intervertebral disk hernia treated with hot needles clearly indicate that the results are stable and consolidated.

Clinical Research & Application
Pain Management & Osteotraumology

THE USE OF ACUPUNCTURING EAR AND HOLOGRAPHIC ACUPOINTS
FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCIATICA

Wen-Mei ZANG, Wei ZHANG, Yubin WU
The Chinese Medical Clinic of H/O. 85 Ellesmere Road, Suite 202, Scarborough, Ontario MIR 4B8, Canada.

Aim: Sciatica is a common disease. The authors have designed a therapy of ear acupuncture combined with second metacarpal bone acupuncture to treat sciatica and have studied effects.
Methods: SDZ II - Electric diagnostic and therapy equipments were used to find the sensitive acupoints of the ears, and to diagnose the disordered organs of the patient. Following this, ear needles to various acupoints such as Shenmen, Sciatic nerve, and Kidney acupoints were used alternatively, and the laying of medical herbs on painful acupoints was used when necessary. Concurrently, acupuncture of the holographic acupoint at the side of the second metacarpal bone was done for the treatment of pain.
Results: 60 cases of treatment were reported. 55.0% (33 cases) were clinically cured: 33.33%(20 cases) showed marked improvement; 10.0%(6 cases) showed some improvement; one case was ineffective. The total effective rate was 98.33%.
Conclusion: The results showed that ear acupuncture combined with second metacarpal bone acupuncture produced an excellent effect on sciatica. It is not only uncomplicated, but is also of value in clinical application.

Clinical Research & Application
Pain Management & Osteotraumology

THE TREATMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN ¡ª A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF ACUPUNCTURE VERSUS ACUPUNCTURE-CUPPING THERAPY

Susan LYNN
Oriental Healing Arts Research Inc. 15 Surrey Street West, Unit 3A, Guelph, Ontario
N1H 3R3, Canada.

Aim: The objective of the following trials is to compare the efficacy of traditional acupuncture with a treatment format combining acupuncture and cupping (non-heated) therapy for reducing and eliminating musculoskeletal pain.
Methods: 90 patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain of variable intensity, duration, and region were randomly selected and divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group received both acupuncture and cupping therapy according to reported symptomatic categories while the control group received only acupuncture treatment for the symptomatic categories reported. A course of treatment was designed to provide 25 minutes of acupuncture therapy (followed by 10 minutes of cupping for the treatment group) twice per week for 8 weeks. All cases were treated with acupoints: BL16, BL17, BL18, and with A-Shi (tender) points. GB20, LI11, LI14, LI15, SI11, and TE5 were selected for upper limb, neck and shoulder pain. BL23, BL31, BL49, BL54, BL57, and GB34 were selected for lower back, hip, and limb pain. All acupoints were stimulated until Deqi was achieved at which time suction cups were placed to cover the muscle tissue surrounding the acupoints treated.
Results: Upon treatment termination, the treatment group reported their relief of pain and recovery of motion as : 84% excellent, 7% good, and 2% poor. The control group by contrast reported: 64% excellent, 6% very good, 18% good and 12% poor.
Conclusion: The clinical trials indicate that while traditional acupuncture is effective, the combination of acupuncture and suction cupping provides better results. Therefore, cupping therapy should be considered as a complementary aid to acupuncture treatment for a reduction in nusculoskeletal pain.

Clinical Research & Application
Pain Management & Osteotraumology

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF PAIN IN SPINAL CORD INJURIES

Linda M. RAPSON, Irene M. BIEMANIN
Lyndhurst Spinal Cord Centre. 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, Ontario M4G 3V9, Canada.

Aim: To assess the value of acupuncture in the management of pain in spinal cord injured patients. The prevalence of severe, disabling, chronic pain among the spinal cord injured (SCI) has been variously reported as ranging from 18% to 63%. Medical management has primarily focused on medications and/or surgery, with unsatisfactory results.
Methods: Since June 1, 1992 quadriplegic and paraplegic patients with a variety of pain problems have been treated with acupuncture at Lyndhurst Spinal Cord Centre, a facility devoted exclusively to the rehabilitation of SCI patients. Treatment includes acupuncture based on traditional Chinese medicine concepts or anatomy, auricular acupuncture, Intramuscular Stimulation (dry needling of muscle trigger points), electrical stimulation (optional) and a special protocol for burning deafferentation pain.
Results: The analysis of data from the first 18 months of this program (n=61) demonstrates a high rate of response to acupuncture treatment (75% good to excellent outcomes) and a high rate of acceptance of acupuncture by SCI patients. The response to the treatment is rapid. Benefits include reduction in drug consumption, as well as improved function, mood and sleep. Remarkably good results have been obtained treating deafferentation pain using points on the Du meridian.

Clinical Research & Application
Paralysis & Nervous System Diseases

RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF LATE SEQUELAE OF STROKE
BY ACUPUNCTURE AND ACUMASSAGE

Zhen-Xiang ZHANG
Cheeloo Expert Acupuncture and Acumassage Service. 44 Neilson Avenue, Scarborough, Ontario MIM 2S2, Canada.

Aim: Bad spastic muscular contraction of the paralytic arm can cause great difficulties in daily life. The flexion contracture can be so bad that the finger nails may erode through the skin on the ipsilateral chest wall. Attempts were made to find a method to reduce the patient's suffering.
Methods: Three late cases of stroke (all over 10 years after the attack) were treated by acupuncture and acumassage. The treatment consisted of : (1) electro-acupuncture by the intermittent mode of the following points: Xiaoluo (TE12), Quchi (LI11), Chize (LU5), Shousanli (LI10), Sidu (TE9), Waiguan (TE5), Hegu (LI4), etc. and (2) acumassage which consisted of passive movement of all the joints, massage of all the muscle groups and acupressure of the aforementioned acupoints of the affected arm. These two types of treatment were given alternatively.
Results: Active extension of all the fingers was observed during electro-acupuncture treatment. The spastic muscular contraction of the affected arm was markedly relieved after the treatment had started for a period of time. The relief was much more obvious during the period of treatment than during the period when the treatment had to be interrupted because of various reasons. Certain degree of restoration of the temperature, pain, and deep pressure sensation was observed after persistent treatment.
Conclusion: The facts that a marked relief of spastic muscular contraction was observed in all of the 3 cases and that the relief was much more obvious during the period of treatment than during the period of interruption indicate that the persent method of treatment is effective in relieving long standing muscular spasms in late cases of stroke.

Clinical Research & Application
Paralysis & Nervous System Diseases

A CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF SCALP ACUPUNCTURE
IN TREATING BRAIN INJURY

Yubin WU, Wei ZHANG, Wen-mei ZANG
Metro Orthopaedic Rehab Clinics. 202-909 Jane Street, Janedal Medical Center, Toronto, Onatario M6N 4C6, Canada.

Aim: In order to find the best therapy method to cure patients of brain injuries, the authors applied the needling method of scalp acupuncture in treating the acute and chronic stage of brain injury and studied its effects.
Methods: 73 patients were divided into a treatment group (n=37) and a control group (n=36). For the treatment group, the three main areas in the Zhu's scalp acupuncture ¡ª Shunting area (DU24), Baihui area (DU20) and Shuaigu area (G8) ¡ª were needled. In the process of insertion, chouqi and jinqi methods were used. Patients in the control group did not receive the scalp acupuncture therapy. The diagnosis was according to the standard of the International Diagnosis of Brain Injury (1994).
Results: 83.33% of the treatment group and 46.66% of the control group restored the speech disturbances to normal after the treatment. 33.33% of the treatment group were cured (recovery of speech and functions of limbs), while 50.0% showed marked improvement (patients could take care of themselves).
Conclusion: The results showed that scalp-acupuncture treatment is an excellent treatment method for patients suffering from brain injury. It is not only uncomplicated but also will increase the clinical effects.

Clinical Research & Application
Paralysis & Nervous System Diseases

ACUPUNCTURE SAVES THE VISION OF A BLIND MS PATIENT

Diana D. ZHANG
The Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Canada, Saskatchewan Chapter.
22-48 Centennial Street, Regina, Saskatcewan S4S 6A6, Canada.

Aim: Multiple sclerosis is a slowly progressive CNS disease. Visual attacks that can be misdiagnosed as optic neuritis are sometimes found. The present case exhibits a deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin in terms of Chinese medicine diagnosis.
Methods: A female patient came seeking acupuncture treatment for dimmed vision in both eyes after being diagnosed for optic neuritis eight months earlier; conventional medicine had offered poor prognosis and no treatment. She underwent ten sessions at the rate of five sessions a week, followed by a pause of two weeks, then resumed another two series of ten sessions.
Results: The first ten sessions brought back close-range vision to both eyes; after a pause of two weeks, the following two series of treatment made the patient regain her original vision. Six months later she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and came back for further acupuncture treatment; she has been in remission for the past three years.
Conclusion: The diagnostic system of Chinese medicine leads to correct overall diagnosis whatever the corresponding label in Western medicine. Acupuncture treatment redresses the balance of the whole organism by correcting the energy circulation, independent of atomistic labels and specific symptoms. Nerve degeneration can in some cases be reversed by acupuncture's direct action on appropriate channels.

Clinical Research & Application
Stress, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Psychological Problems

NATURAL THERAPY TO TREAT CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME

Franklyn S. CHEN
L-C Acupuncture & Natural Healing Clinic. 6156 Quinpool Road, Halifax B3L 1A3, Canada.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the term used to describe the complex of symptoms that include fatigue, malaise, depression, persistent "flu-like" illness, muscle weakness and sore throat. This disease is also known as post-viral fatigue syndrome, chronic mononucleosis, chronic Epsteinbarr (EBV) syndrome.
The exact cause of CFS is unknown. Leading theories of the cause of this disease include infection, immune system dysfunction, neuromuscular dysfunction involving muscles and nerves. Nutritional deficiencies, allergies, and psychological and stress related factors. Diagnosis of CFS should be made from through history, signs and symptoms and lab work.
Conventional medical treatment of CFS is still controversial. The medical establishment fails to recognize CFS as a real disease and offers little therapy in treating this disease.
In recent years we have combined acupuncture, cupping therapy, herbal vitamin therapy, life style changes and diets to treat 280 CFS patients. The combination of these treatments strengthens the body's chi (vital energy), and builds up the body's immunity, regulates the organ functions and manages stress. Seventy-five percent of these patients have great improvement with our natural treatment program and 30% have fully recovered.

Clinical Research & Application
Dermatology, Surgery & Oncology

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: A CHINESE HERBAL FORMULA FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS FOR CANCER

Sherman S. S. LAI
Oriental Healing Arts Research Inc. 15 Surrey Street West, Unit 3A, Guelph, Ontario
N1H 3R3, Canada.

Aim: The objectives of the present clinical trials are to evaluate the effectiveness of an accessible, alternative, natural Chinese herbal formula SPESTM in providing relief from (1)pain associated with cancer, (2)symptoms associated with cancer such as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, insomnia and general debility, and (3) to suppress further cancer metastasis.
Methods: Fifty-six cancer subjects received SPESTM orally for a two-month course of treatment. Subsequent to the treatment each subject was evaluated using the SPESTM Patient Questionnaire to determine the overall efficacy of the product with respect to pain and symptoms associated with cancer, as well as to record cases of metastasis suppression.
Results: Results indicated that of the subjects treated, 73% had significant pain relief, 85% had significant improvement in one or more of the symptoms associated with cancer, and in four cases cancer was found to be in remission. Results also indicated that the overall efficacy of life for these patients improved almost immediately within 24 to 48 hours of starting on SPESTM.
Conclusion: These preliminary results demonstrate SPESTM to be an effective, quick-acting, natural treatment for controlling the pain and symptoms associated with cancer, and for suppressing metastasis. SPESTM appears to be a valuable alternative treatment for those afflicted with cancer. It is accessible to patients and is without the adverse side effects and dependency factors associated with many other medical treatments for cancer.

Clinical Research & Application
Infectious Diseases & Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome

THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS BY ACUPUNCTURE

Zhaoqi GUO
Sino Acupuncture Clinic. 152 Bayview Road, Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 2C8, Canada.

Aim: Infectious mononucleosis is a common disease in North America. On the average, the course of the disease lasts 2 to 3 months. Although it is not a deadly disease, when it happens, the patients become so weak that they cannot study and work properly. Some rare cases cannot function at all. I applied acupuncture treatment to infectioous mononucleosis and observed the effects.
Methods: Infectious mononucleosis has a wide variety of symptoms. The acupuncture points I chose vary by syndrome differentiation. The main points are as follows: Dazhu (BL11), Quchi (LI11), Feishu (BL13), Pishu(BL20), Tiantu (CV22), Renying (ST9), Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36). I use even reinforcing and reducing manipulation.
Results: I have had six cases. After the treatment, four recovered within one week, one recovered within two weeks, and one recovered within three weeks.
Conclusion: With acupuncture treatment all the symptoms disappeared quickly and the patients gained their strenegth back much sooner than normal. Although I have only treated six cases, it shows that acupuncture is a suitable treatment for infectious mononucleosis.

Clinical Research & Application
Therapeutic Methods & Acupoints

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ACUPUNCTURE STIMULATION DURING
A PATIENT'S EXHALATION PHASE ONLY AND CONTINUOUS STIMULATION

Tim H. TANAKA, Kazushi NISHIJO
Shiatsu Acupuncture Clinic. 80 Bloor Street West, Suite 1100, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2V1, Canada.
Acupuncture Department, Tsukuba College of Technology.

Aim: Recent studies indicated that acupuncture produces varying physiological effects depending on the patient's physiological state during stimulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the response to acupuncture stimulation applied during a patient's exhalation phase only and continuous stimulation.
Methods: Two types of acupuncture stimulation were administered to ten chronic tension-type headache patients: Type I - Stimulation was applied during she subject's exhalation phase only and Type II - Stimulation was applied continuously without considering respiratory phases. Both forms of stimulation (needle insertion followed by a repetitive tapping stimulation) were administered on the Waiguan (TE5) point, superficially (2 mm depth) in a sitting position for 1 minute. Frontalis and upper trapezius (UT) EMG activity response, pulse rate, pulse height, skin conductance level (SCL) and headache intensity were measured before and after each procedure.
Results: 59.1% pain reduction occurred after Type I; 21.9% pain reduction occurred after Type II (p=0.005). UT EMG activity significantly decreased after Type I. Frontalis EMG activity trended towards greater reduction after Type I. Both forms of stimulation decreased pulse rate and increases SCL. A significant correlation was found between changes in pain and UT EMG activity (p=0.014).
Conclusion: Our study found a significantly different response to Type I stimulation and to Type II stimulation in headache intensity and muscle activity, suggesting that the effect of acupuncture derives not only from point selection matching symptoms, but also from a consideration of the patient's respiratory state during stimulation.

Experimental Research
Meridians & Acupoints

A STUDY ON THE CHANGING BLOOD CIRCULATION OF BRAIN
BY ACUPOINT WAIGUAN

Sheng G. YU, Kee C. HUI
The Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Quebec, Canada.

Fifty cases of headache patients were between 19 and 74 years old, of whom 21 were male and 29 were female. Results of investigating the change of Rheoencephalography immediately before and after the treatment by acupuncturing Waiguan (SJ5) showed no difference between sex, age and left or right side of acupoints. The difference was very marked in changing amplitude and shape. An average was 0.03§Ù, standard variance 0.0424§Ù, standard error 0.0059§Ù.
Patients suffered headache showing cerebrovascular enlargement or spasm became well and felt no headache after acupuncturing Waiguan, and their blood vessels returned to the normal size.
Therefore, acupoint Waiguan may serve as a biphasic balance of cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Acupuncture Education

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE TRAINING

Ming LIU, Steven K.H. AUNG
Beijing International Medical Exchange Center. No. 1, Yuetan Nanjie, Beijing 100045, China.
Department of Medicine and Family Medicine, University of Alberta. Canada.

During the past 20 years medical acupuncture has achieved considerable international recognition as a safe and effective therapeutic modality. This has increased the demand for relevant training programs such as the Golden Road to Golden Needle (GRGN) Postgraduate Medical Acupuncture Training Program. The GRGN was initiated informally in 1980 by the World Natural Medicine Foundation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada in cooperation with the Xuan Wu Hospital and the Geriatrics Institute, Beijing, China. Other important Chinese institutions have come to support the GRGN, including the Beijing International Medical Exchange Center, the Beijing College of TCM and Research Institute and the Capital University of Medical Sciences. The GRGN is open only to certified medical acupuncturists. Its key aims are to stimulate knowledge of TCM and medical acupuncture to provide an opportunity for clinical experience under the guidance of TCM physicians to promote medical acupuncture and integrated medicine around the world and to promote cooperation and exchange between Canada and China in the medical field. The one-month program provides over 300 hours of intensive clinical instruction and training. Students begin each day with a TCM exercise program. They then participate in morning and afternoon clinical rotation sessions in various acupuncture departments. In the evenings students attend lectures. Sundays are free for students to enjoy their own activities. After passing the final examination students attend a graduation ceremony where they are issued a certificate of completion. The program will be expanded over the next few years to encompass Primary, Senior and Diploma courses of instruction as well as a Continuing Medical Education exchange program for both Chinese and Canadian family physicians. The GRGN has a bright future as the 21st century approaches.